Background: peripheral intravenous cannulation and blood sampling are most frequently procedures for hospitalized children. Aim of the present study was to: Investigate  nurses' knowledge and practice regardingPeripheral Intravenous Cannulation and Blood Sampling in Pediatric Health Care Settings. Research design: descripitive research design was used. Setting: The study was carried out in Pediatric Intensive Care, Neonatal Intensive Care units, Pediatric inpatient and Pediatric emergency department affiliated to Suez Canal University Hospitals and Ismailia General Hospital of Ismailia city affiliated to the ministry of health. The subjects of the study were all nurses (81) working at the above previously  mentioned settings. Tools of data collection: two tools were used to collect the data; structured interview questionnaire and observational checklists. Results: the results of the study revealed that half of the studied nurses had satisfactory knowledge regarding peripheral intravenous cannulation and blood sampling while the majority of them had unsatisfactory practice. There was no statistically significant relation between total nurses' level of knowledge regarding peripheral intravenous cannulation and blood sampling and their practice. Conclusion: the study concluded that nurses were lacking knowledge as well as practice toward peripheral intravenous cannulation and blood sampling in pediatric health care settings. Recommendation: the study recommended that continuing training, educational programs and workshops concern the care of children with peripheral intravenous cannulation and blood sampling to nursing staff working in pediatric health care setting.