Background: Nursing shortage has been an issue of concern globally and in Egypt. New graduate nurses have difficulties during transition from student nurse to professional nurse due to gap between nursing faculty education and practice requirements. Nursing Residency Program is a new graduate program structured to expand clinical and professional competencies for nurses to enhance a smooth transition to nursing practice and prepare high calibers in nursing profession which will reflect positively on nursing care. The aim of this study was to explore the nurse residents' perception of nursing residency program in Egypt. Design: A descriptive research design was used in this study. Sample: The study subjects included (67) nurse residents' (22) from Helwan University, (8) from Ain Shams University and (37) from Assiut University. Tools: Two tools were used for data collection included: Nurse residents' Knowledge questionnaire toassess nurse resident knowledge about nursing residency program and Nurse residents' perception questionnaire to assess the nurse residents perception of nursing residency program in Egypt. Results: The study results revealed that nurse residents had sufficient knowledge and positive perception about nursing residency program. Conclusion: The study concluded that there was a positive correlation between knowledge and perception scores. Recommendation: Based on the study findings, it is needed to disseminate the nursing residency regulation to all faculties of nursing in Egypt to follow it.