Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most type of dementia characterized by its progression, neurobehavioral and neuro-pathological characteristics. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) have previously proved a potential role in preventing the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders, so it is regarded as a promising new approach for AD regenerative therapy. Taurine was found to enhance stem cell activation and propagation, yielding a higher concentration of neural progenitors and stem cells, and reducing the number of activated microglia leading to down-regulated inflammation in vitro. The present study aimed to investigate the possible therapeutic potential of ADMSCs with/without taurine in treating the AD rat model. It was planned to include three successive phases: induction, withdrawal, and therapeutic phases. Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into two main groups: control (C) and AD model. Behavioral changes, as manifested by the T-maze experiment, had been recorded. β-amyloid levels had been measured in brain homogenate and serum by ELISA. Oxidative stress marker (MDA), brain and serum antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GSH, and CAT) as well serum acetylcholine esterase activity were spectrophotometrically determined. Pro-apoptotic (p53 and Bax) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl2) gene expression in the brain were evaluated using RT-qPCR. The histopathological alterations in brain tissues were also observed.