Different watercourses act as breeding habitats for mosquito larvae, thus responsible for the spread of certain diseases. This study examined the effect of certain physico-chemical parameters (temperature, turbidity, pH and salinity) on the population dynamics of mosquito larvae dispersed in the infected regions by filariasis in Alkorin village, Sharkia, Egypt during 2015 and 2016. Larval density index (LDI) was used to examine the population dynamics of mosquito larvae distributed in the studied areas (27 sites in 6 watercourses). During the study, LDI of Culex pipiens pipiens was the highest percentage (76.4%). Meanwhile, LDI for other mosquito larval species were (12%, 7%, 3%, 1% and 0.6%) for (Cx. antennatus, Cx. perexigus, Cx. pusillus, Cx. univittatus and Cx. sinaiticus), respectively. The maximum rate of LDI for Cx. pipiens larvae was observed in autumn 2015 at all the sampling sites and a significant positive correlation of temperature and turbidity with the larval population (P < 0.05) was achieved. Salinity and pH had no significant effects (P > 0.05) on the larval distributions of different species.The present data may be concluded that the high LDI of Cx. pipiens is an interpretation for the transmission of filarial diseases in Alkorin village, Sharkia, Egypt.