Background: Acts to protect the safety of others, attempting to prevent the development of
accidents, and proactively seeking to improve organizational safety procedures and general
workplace safety conditions were all examples of safety citizenship behavior. Aim: To examine the
relation between leaders' emotional intelligence (EI), leaders' and nurses' safety citizenship role
definitions and behavior, self- efficacy (SE), and resilience at Zagazig University Hospitals. Design:
A descriptive correlational design was used for this study. Sample: A convenience sample of all
available head nurses (200), in addition to a systematic random sample of 400 staff nurses. Tools of
data collection: Head nurses questionnaire: composed of three parts; personal and job
characteristics of head nurses, leaders' EI scale, and leaders' safety citizenship role definitions and
behavior scale. As well, staff nurses' questionnaire: composed of four parts; personal and job
characteristics of staff nurses, safety citizenship role definitions and behavior scale, general SE
scale, and resiliency scale. Results: Leaders' EI was significantly and positively correlated to
leaders' safety citizenship role definitions and behavior, staff nurses' safety citizenship role
definitions and behavior, SE, and resilience P< 0.001. Conclusion: Self- efficacy was a partial
mediator in the relation between leaders` EI and safety citizenship role definitions and behavior
from both leaders and nurses. While, resilience was a full mediator in the relation between leaders'
EI and safety citizenship role definitions and behavior from both the studied leaders and staff
nurses. Recommendations: To provide a training program for both staff nurses and nurse managers
about safety citizenship role definitions and behavior and encourage them to apply it, to improve
their organization's safety performance.