Objective: The aim of the study was to assess maternity nurses' hospitals' Perception Concerning preconception risk factors. Background: Preconception care means interventions required for maternal and fetal health care and detection of pre-pregnancy risk factors. The present study aimed to determine maternity nurses' Perception in Ain shams maternity &gynecology hospital toward preconception risk factors. Subject and Methods: This descriptive study which was conducted among (200) Maternity Nurses working at Maternity & Gynecology Hospitals at Ain Shams University. From of January 2017 and finished at June. Data collection tool was a researcher made 'Structured Interviewing questionnaire to a convenient sample and data were analyzed using SPSS software, descriptive statistics and chi-square test. Result:The result showed that nearly to three fourth of maternity nurse's level of total perception regarding preconception risk factors was very good, while more than one quarter of their level of total perception was good .Also less than one fourth of maternity nurse's level of total perception was poor. There were statistical significant relation between maternity nurse`s age, their educational level, their years of experience, and their perception concerning to preconception risk factors. Conclusion: The present study findings revealed that nearly to three quarters of the maternity nurses of Ain Shams maternity hospital had very good perception regarding preconception risk factors. While the maternity nurses' perception regarding preconception risk factors found to be affected significantly by their age, level of education and years of experience of their work. Recommendations: preconception health care must be involved in the pre-employment orientation program for new nursing staff in the hospital. Also Unique specified instructions through specified protocol for counseling.