This study examined the health providers' current knowledge, understanding and their compliance to universal infection control precautions. The study was conducted on 100 health providers, 50 resident obstetricians and 50 maternity nurses at Alexandria and Tanta working in labour, delivery and postpartum units. An interview questionnaire and observation checklist were designed to fulfill the aim of the study. The findings of the study revealed that most of the health professionals' knowledge and performance were below the average score regarding many of the studied items except the care of women in postpartum period and newborn care. Although no significant relations were found between Alexandria and Tanta health providers regarding their knowledge and performance. Resident obstetricians were found more likely to comply with practices regarding hand washing and wearing protective barriers than nurses in both Alexandria and Tanta. On the other hand, nurses having less than 5 years' experience had better knowledge and performance than those having more than 5 years' experience regarding some items. The study reflects the need for ongoing in-service education and practical training in relation to infection control for health care providers.