This present study purpose is to treat basically the problem of occupational safety of employees in nuclear institutions through identifying the approaches of prevention and the appropriate methods for protecting them from nuclear radiations. The study also drives at examining laws as well as national and international legislations in this field; and how far these laws and agreements are activated. The study is divided into two parts, first, the theoretical study that discusses the nuclear radiations, regarding their essence, risks, and peaceful uses. The study exposes the damages workers may expose to , focusing on the civil and administrative liability and national and international legislations' role in protection and safety of employees. Second, the applied study on workers in the Atomic Energy Organization AEO. The study follows the qualitative (descriptive)-analytical-theoretical method for exposing the idea and problem dimension through reviewing books, periodicals, Arabic and foreign essays through administering an applied study on 100 employees in the organization using an investigation form (only 88 forms are fulfilled) for identifying the health and vocational safety at dealing with radiant materials. The study has monitored several results: The increase of radioactive awareness in the random sample, which assure for control authorities that most of workers in nuclear and radioactive institutions are totally aware of their hazards. Following specific plans by the authority for safe disposal of hazardous wastes such burying in hot labs of Anshas or processing them chemically, or using chemical approaches to remove pollutants from. The radioactive and environmental surveillance and control has been recently activated but still insufficient. The study recommends the following: Increase of environmental awareness among people and widening fields of nuclear energy use in future.  Working on benefit from researches and previous studies have tackled with employees' protection in nuclear institutions and environment protection. Consider following up standards of safety and security due to the instructions of the  International Agency for Atomic Energy for providing optimal protection to workers in this dangerous field.